deterministic computation

Large language models explain measurement science well, but they generate numbers rather than compute them, and their output can vary from run to run. The white paper argues that this is incompatible with the foundations of metrology and proposes one architectural rule for AI systems in the field: deterministic code computes every reported number, and the language model only explains the final results. It applies the rule to the core calculations of a calibration laboratory, describes how such calculators are validated, and reports a case study of eight validated calculators on the MetTutor platform.